How To Be A Grown Man

Baseball is a game played between two teams of nine players each. Each team takes turns batting and fielding. The batter stands in the batting box and tries to hit the ball thrown by the pitcher from the other team. If the ball is hit, the batter runs around the four bases in a counter-clockwise direction to score a run. The team with the most runs at the end of nine innings (when each team has had a chance to bat and field) is the winner. 

The teams that are in the field are divided into two groups. The first group is the infielders. Infielders are positioned around the inner edge of the diamond-shaped playing field. They include the pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman. The second group is the outfielders. Outfielders are positioned around the outer edge of the diamond-shaped playing field. They include the left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. The third group is the designated hitter. The designated hitter is a player who bats in place of the pitcher.

The game is timed by Innings.  An inning is a rotation of both team fielding and batting.  The home team bats in the second half of the inning and the away team bats in the first half of the inning. In the course of an inning a team bats until there are 3 outs. A batter or player is deemed out when a defender gets the ball to another defender prior to an offense player reaching a base or a defender catches the ball after a hit prior to the ball touching the ground. Three outs in an inning ends a team’s chance to score, and three strikes on a batter also results in an out. A strike is called when a batter does not swing at a pitch and it is within the strike zone, while a ball is called when a pitch is outside the strike zone. A strike is also when a player swings at a pitch and misses.  The opposite of this is a ball (not to be confused with the object that’s thrown around).  If a pitch is thrown outside of the agreed upon zone, the batter is rewarded with a free look.  If a batter has 4 of these, they go to first base without having to make a hit.  

Baseball is a game full of nuance and outlying strategies.  Here are a few things you could see in every game.  

• Stealing bases – A runner can attempt to advance to another base if the pitcher does not throw the ball in time. 
• Force outs – When a runner is on a base, a fielder can force the runner out by throwing the ball to the base the runner is attempting to reach. 
• Hit and run – The hit and run is a strategy where the runner attempts to advance while the batter attempts to hit the ball. 
• Bunting – Bunting is an offensive strategy where the batter attempts to hit the ball in a way that it rolls slowly toward the infield, allowing the runner to advance. 
• Pitching – Pitchers are able to throw the ball and have the ball do different movements.  They could throw it super fast and straight.  They can make the ball curve.  They can make it move without rotations.  All of these movements are designed to confuse the batter.

Baseball is also a game of numbers and stats.  A few statistics regularly followed are below.

• Batting Average (BA): The number of hits divided by the number of at-bats. 
• On-Base Percentage (OBP): The percentage of the time a batter reaches base safely, regardless of how he got there (hit, walk, hit by pitch, etc.). 
• Slugging Percentage (SLG): The total number of bases (singles, doubles, triples, home runs) divided by the total number of at-bats.
• On-Base Plus Slugging (OPS): The sum of a player’s on-base percentage and slugging percentage. 
• Earned Run Average (ERA): The average number of earned runs a pitcher allows per nine innings. 
• Walks Plus Hits Per Innings Pitched (WHIP): The average number of walks and hits allowed by a pitcher per nine innings. 
• Strikeouts Per Nine Innings (K/9): The average number of strikeouts a pitcher has per nine innings. 
• Win-Loss Record (W-L): A pitcher’s total number of wins and losses. 
• Quality Start (QS): A start in which a pitcher goes at least six innings and allows three

Baseball is popular in many countries, especially in the Americas. In particular, it is a popular sport in the United States, Canada, Japan, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. It is also popular in several countries in Central and South America, as well as in some countries in Asia and the Caribbean.  I hope this primer will help you understand this beautiful game.